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Someone who owns an unincorporated business by themselves.

Similar to a sole proprietorship except that it is owned by two or more persons who join to carry on a trade or business. 

There are two types of partnerships - General Partnership & Limited Partnership. Partnerships although not registered with the state does require a partnership agreement.

 A legal entity that is separate and distinct from its owners. 

C - Corporations are the most common type of corporation. They offer flexibility in raising capital and opportunity for growth. They are also taxed separately from their shareholders (owners). The corporation pays income taxes on its profits and its shareholders are taxed separately on dividends or capital gains received from the corporation (double taxation).

An S - Corp is similar to a C - Corp except that an S - Corp elects to pass corporate income, losses, deductions, and credits through to their shareholders for federal tax purposes. Shares are also limited in type, cannot exceed 100 shareholders, or be publicly traded. S-Corps are generally private corporations better suited for small and medium-sized businesses.

An LLC is a hybrid of a sole proprietorship/partnership and a corporation. It is structured whereby the member(s) of the company cannot be held personally liable for the company's debts or liabilities. Income and losses are passed through to its members for tax purposes and are in proportion to each member's portion of ownership. Transfer of ownership is not as easy as with an S or C corp.

A non-profit organization is a corporation organized for purposes other than generating profit and in which no part of the organization's income is distributed to its members, directors, or officers. It is created and operated for charitable or socially beneficial purposes rather than to make a profit. All money earned from grants, fundraising activities, or services must go into running the organization and must be used for the purpose of its existence. 

The difference between a Non-Profit and Not-For-Profit is that not-for-profit organizations do not have to operate for the public benefit.